Euro in a New Production Unit in Sofia/", "Melexis to Invest 75M to Expand Its Operations in Bulgaria", "Lufthansa Technik Sofia invests 30 mln euro to expand its facilities", Sofia infrastructure from the official website of the Municipality, "History of the tramway network in Sofia", "History of the trolleybus network in Sofia", "Public transport Sofia official website", "Transport Company Bulgaria official website", " (Bulgarian National Television News)", "National Federation of the Taxi Drivers in Bulgaria. Winters are relatively cold and snowy. The Bulgarian Volleyball Federation is the world's second-oldest, and it was an exhibition tournament organised by the BVF in Sofia that convinced the International Olympic Committee to include volleyball as an olympic sport in 1957. With their vital, humanistic realism they are a Renaissance phenomenon at its culmination phase in the context of the common-European art.[152]. The infant mortality rate was 5.6 per 1,000, down from 18.9 in 1980. "The Cambridge Ancient History", Volume 3, Part 2: Mihailov, G., Thracians, Sofia, 1972, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, quote in Bulgarian: . Sixteen checklists allow administrators to assess performance and effectiveness of jail operations. The city is located at a strategic crossroads. Their inmate to correctional officer ratio is a lot higher than the previous two security levels. The natural growth rate during 2009 was 0.2 per mile, the first positive growth rate in nearly 20 years. These are among the most sought-after secondary schools, along with Vladislav the Grammarian 73rd Secondary School and the High School of Mathematics, which topped the 2018 preference list for high school candidates. The city is built west of the Iskar river, and has many mineral springs, such as the Sofia Central Mineral Baths. Privilege levels will be greater than Level 3 and individuals may be eligible for Reintegration Units. There are more than fifteen swimming complexes in the city, most of them outdoor. Level 4 -The security level that is the next degree higher than Level 3, and requires more security/supervision than Level 3. Cookie information is stored in your browser and performs functions such as recognising you when you return to our website and helping our team to understand which sections of the website you find most interesting and useful. This guide to OJC is intended for both jail administrators and other officials involved in local criminal justice system issues. The Sofia Zoological Garden in the southern part of the city is the countrys largest zoo. Overall, Sofia has 186km (116 miles) of railway lines. In honor of its hot springs, in the 8th century BC the Thracian tribes settled here gave the city its first name Serdika or Serdonpolis. Plovdiv remained the most populous Bulgarian town until 1892 when Sofia took the lead. Still standing are the Dragalevski, Lozen, Germanski, Kremikovski, Cherepishki, and Osenovlashki Monasteries, among others. [150] Smaller collections of historical items are displayed in the National Archaeological Museum, a former mosque located between the edifices of the National Bank and the Presidency. The birth rate per 1000 people was 12.3 per mile and steadily increasing in the last 5 years, the death rate reaching 12.1 per mile and decreasing. [33][34] It became a municipium during the reign of Emperor Trajan (98117). Borisov Park is right in the center of the city, and South Park is next to the National Palace of Culture. The city is home to a number of large sports venues, including the 43,000-seat Vasil Levski National Stadium which hosts international football matches, as well as Balgarska Armia Stadium, Georgi Asparuhov Stadium and Lokomotiv Stadium, the main venues for outdoor musical concerts. This guide presents six key elements that, in combination, will help jails reduce a wide array of negative, destructive, and dangerous inmate behavior (p. v). As a consequence of the bombings thousands of buildings were destroyed or damaged including the Capital Library and thousands of books. Sofia and the immediate vicinity also boast a great many spa complexes. Virtually the entire city (900,000 households and 5,900 companies) is centrally heated, using residual heat from electricity generation (3,000 MW) and gas- and oil-fired heating furnaces; total heat capacity is 4,640 MW. The citys average altitude is 550 meters above sea level, the climate is moderate and continental, characterized by cold winters and relatively cool summers. There were 3,162 theatric performances with 570,568 people attending in 2014. The Slavic name Sredets (), which is related to "middle" (, "sreda") and to the city's earliest name, first appeared on paper in an 11th-century text. The crypt of the Alexander Nevsky cathedral is another branch of the National Gallery. It was proposed as a capital by Marin Drinov and was accepted as such on 3 April 1879. Close to the museum is the Boyana Church, one of the Bulgarian monuments that are listed among the UNESCO World Heritage sites. In 809, Serdica was incorporated into the Bulgarian Empire by Khan Krum and became known as Sredets. Serdica became part of the First Bulgarian Empire during the reign of Khan Krum in 809, after a long siege. The route from Western Europe to Istanbul passes through Sofia via Beograd and Skopje, then through Plovdiv to Turkey. Vitosha Boulevard, also called Vitoshka, is a pedestrian zone with numerous cafs, restaurants, fashion boutiques, and luxury goods stores. After the Liberation War, knyaz Alexander Battenberg invited architects from Austria-Hungary to shape the new capital's architectural appearance.[117]. : +359 2 4918344 Tel. Manufacturing has registered a strong recovery since 2012, increasing the exports three-fold and the employment by 52% accounting for over 70,000 jobs. [105][106] In 1610 the Vatican established the See of Sofia for Catholics of Rumelia, which existed until 1715 when most Catholics had emigrated. The hot springs at Bankya, a nearby resort offer wonderful facilities for rest, recreation, and wellness. Back to Search. [83], In 2729 BC, according do Dio Cassius, Pliny and Ptolemy, the region "Segetike" was attacked by Crassus, which is assumed to be Serdica, or the city of the Serdi. inmate classification vg3 alabama meaning a nice variety of treatment and work programs too. We provide training, technical assistance, and information resources on the design and operation of direct supervision jails and on key elements in managing inmate behavior in all types of jails. Like every big city, Sofia has something for every taste. Sofia is a regional IT hub, ranking second among the Top 10 fastest growing tech centers in Europe in terms of annual growth of active members. [112], In the Second Balkan War, Bulgaria was fighting alone practically all of its neighbouring countries. Popov, D. Thracians, Sofia, p.h. There are ten spa centers within the capitals city limits offering peace and relaxation, along with therapeutic and beauty treatments. The National Museum of Ethnography is also located here, and the Museum of Natural History is a very short distance away, with exhibits of plants and animals that are very valuable, and even some that can no longer be seen in the wild. In 1925, a terrorist act of ultra-leftists failed their attempted assassination of the king but resulted in the destruction of the Saint Nedelya Church and many victims. [203] Consequently, traffic and air pollution problems have become more severe and receive regular criticism in local media. In 1382, the city fell to the Ottomans. Sofia City, the underpass of Sofia University St. Sofia applied to host the Winter Olympic Games in 1992 and in 1994, coming second and third respectively. Serdica expanded, as turrets, protective walls, public baths, administrative and cult buildings, a civic basilica, an amphitheatre, a circus, the City council (Boul), a large forum, a big circus (theatre), etc. As incarcerated individuals progress to lower security levels, they receive additional privileges and autonomy to make pro-social decisions. In the 13th and 14th centuries Sredets was an important spiritual and literary hub with a cluster of 14 monasteries in its vicinity, that were eventually destroyed by the Ottomans. The city was called Atralisa by the Arab traveller Idrisi and Strelisa, Stralitsa or Stralitsion by the Crusaders. Sofia offers many places for its children to play. The valley has an average altitude of 550 metres (1,800ft). According to the 2011 census, people aged 2024 years are the most numerous group, numbering 133,170 individuals and accounting for 11% of the total 1,202,761 people. The species of flora in the park are particularly rich and varied. It was the citys major church during the Middle Ages, and under the Ottomans, it was used as a mosque. A fundamental principle of ODRC classification processes is to place individuals in the least restrictive setting possible that is still sufficient to ensure the safety and security of persons, the institution, and the community. Six new stations were opened in 2009, two more in April 2012, and eleven more in August 2012. Very close to Saint Sofia is The Memorial Church Saint Alexander Nevsky, now one of the citys most recognizable symbols. In the 3rd century, it became the capital of Dacia Aureliana,[88] and when Emperor Diocletian divided the province of Dacia Aureliana into Dacia Ripensis (at the banks of the Danube) and Dacia Mediterranea, Serdica became the capital of the latter. The earliest works where this latest name is registered are the duplicate of the Gospel of Serdica, in a dialogue between two salesmen from Dubrovnik around 1359, in the 14th-century Vitosha Charter of Bulgarian tsar Ivan Shishman and in a Ragusan merchant's notes of 1376. [194][195] The Sofia Metro became operational in 1998, and now has four lines and 47 stations. Sofia Municipality is identical to Sofia City Province, which is distinct from Sofia Province, which surrounds but does not include the capital itself. It grew into an important fortress and administrative centre under Krum's successor Khan Omurtag, who made it a centre of Sredets province (Sredetski komitat, ). Sofia is the 13th largest city in the European Union. Inmates designated as a verified Security Risk Group member are classified as level three. According to modern records, 39,551 dwellings were constructed until 1949, 119,943 between 1950 and 1969, 287,191 between 1970 and 1989, 57,916 in the 90s and 102,623 between 2000 and 2011. The population of Sofia expanded rapidly due to migration from rural regions. Petka Samardzhiyska Church is built in the 11th century. Inmates incarcerated in the ADOC will be classified into groups by security level, custody, and program needs as defined in the ADOC Classification Manual. Sofia has an extensive district heating system that draws on four combined heat and power (CHP) plants and boiler stations. Inmate Detail - CANO-CIFUENTES, JUAN LUIS. Ancient Gold: The Wealth of the Thracians. The urban area of Sofia hosts some 1.54million[9] residents within 5723km2, which comprises Sofia City Province and parts of Sofia Province (Dragoman, Slivnitsa, Kostinbrod, Bozhurishte, Svoge, Elin Pelin, Gorna Malina, Ihtiman, Kostenets) and Pernik Province (Pernik, Radomir), representing 5.16% of the country territory. Historically, after World War II and the era of industrialisation under socialism, the city and its surrounding areas expanded rapidly and became the most heavily industrialised region of the country, with numerous factories producing steel, pig iron, machinery, industrial equipment, electronics, trams, chemicals, textiles, food. [103], During the initial stages of the Crusade of Varna in 1443, it was occupied by Hungarian forces for a short time in 1443, and the Bulgarian population celebrated a mass Saint Sofia Church. Sredets became a major administrative, economic, cultural and literary hub until its conquest by the Ottomans in 1382. It was liberated five centuries later, in 1878, and on April 3, 1879, it was declared the capital of the newly-liberated Bulgarian nation. The fall of the strategic city prompted a major and ultimately disastrous invasion of Bulgaria by the Byzantine emperor Nikephoros I, which led to his demise at the hands of the Bulgarian army. The Ethnographic Museum and the Museum of Military History hold large collections of Bulgarian folk costumes and armaments, respectively. [47] The coldest recorded year was 1893 with an average January temperature of 10.4C (13F) and an annual temperature of 8.2C (46.8F). Limes. A double perimeter, razor ribbon reinforced, alarmed and patrolled fence is required for this level of security. The Konyarnika Center is 1,507 meters high. [43][44] Fog is not unusual, especially in the beginning of the season. OJC systems use locally developed and validated instruments, one at intake and another after a period of confinement, that identify the level of risk and needs presented by an inmate so that appropriate housing and program assignments can be made. [20] The city has been described as the "triangle of religious tolerance". Sofia is located in the western part of the country, on The Sofia Plain and the lower slopes of Mount Vitosha. We also sponsor a peer-training network for large jail administrators, including meetings and an online discussion forum. Basketball and volleyball also have strong traditions in Sofia. Armeets Arena holds many indoor events and has a capacity of up to 19,000 people depending on its use. However, due to the bad communication between the private offshore company that runs the resort and Sofia municipality, most of the ski areas have been left to decay in the last 10 years, so that only one chairlift and one slope work. Until 1949, 13,114 buildings were constructed and between 10,000 and 20,000 in each following decade. Odeon (not part of the Odeon Cinemas chain) shows exclusively European and independent American films, as well as 20th century classics. Sredets joined the uprising of Peter Delyan in 10401041 in a failed attempt to restore Bulgarian independence and was the last stronghold of the rebels, led by the local commander Botko. Being Bulgaria's primate city, Sofia is home of many of the major local universities, cultural institutions and commercial companies. [70], The area has a history of nearly 7000 years,[76] with the great attraction of the hot water springs that still flow abundantly in the centre of the city. Prison Classification. Opportunities for sport and recreation in the capital are many and varied outdoor swimming pools, tennis courts, modern gymnasiums and sports halls, and parks. The ADOC Classification Manual is the document of direction in all matters of inmate classification and procedures thereunto. Objective jail classification (OJC) is a process of assessing every jail inmate's custody and program needs and is considered one of the most important management tools available to jail administrators and criminal justice system planners. The Georgi Dimitrov Mausoleum, where Dimitrov's body had been preserved in a similar way to the Lenin mausoleum, was demolished in 1999. [173] The influx of workers from other parts of the country became so intense that a restriction policy was imposed, and residing in the capital was only possible after obtaining Sofianite citizenship. Founded thousands of years ago, today the city continues to develop as the countrys cultural and economic center. Near Sofia, in the Vitosha, Lozen, and Stara Planina (Central Balkan) Mountains, over the centuries so many monasteries have been founded that they came to be known as Sofias Holy Mountains. September 13, 2022 Board of Supervisors Meeting: Consider recommendations relating to the Inmate Tracking System. In 1858 Nedelya Petkova created the first Bulgarian school for women in the city. The driest recorded year was 2000 with a total precipitation of 304.6mm (11.99in), while the wettest year on record was 2014 with a total precipitation of 1,066.6mm (41.99in). A notable local basketball team is twice European Champions Cup finalist Lukoil Akademik. The citys flourished for a second time under Justinian the Great (reign 527-565). Cyril and Methodius National Library, the foremost information repository in the country, holds some 1,800,000 books and more than 7,000,000 documents, manuscripts, maps and other items.[151]. With its cultural significance in Southeast Europe, Sofia is home to the National Opera and Ballet of Bulgaria, the National Palace of Culture, the Vasil Levski National Stadium, the Ivan Vazov National Theatre, the National Archaeological Museum, and the Serdica Amphitheatre. It discusses key components of an OJC system, including instruments that use reliable and valid criteria, overrides by classification staff, staff training and commitment to OJC, and a housing plan that is consistent with classification outcomes. Ivanova, Svetlana, "ofya", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Known as Serdica in Antiquity and Sredets in the Middle Ages, Sofia has been an area of human habitation since at least 7000 BC. [212] A number of research and cultural departments operate within SU, including its own publishing house, botanical gardens,[213] a space research centre, a quantum electronics department,[214] and a Confucius Institute. While the 1818 and 1858 earthquakes were intense and destructive, the 2012 Pernik earthquake occurred west of Sofia with a moment magnitude of 5.6 and a much lower Mercalli intensity of VI (Strong). The 2014 Aegean Sea earthquake was also noticed in the city. Each staff member with detainee in-processing responsibilities shall receive on-site training; 3. The National Palace of Culture, the citys football stadiums, and the citys large halls are venues for concerts and performances by famous individuals and groups. It is surrounded by mountainsides, such as Vitosha by the southern side, Lyulin by the western side, and the Balkan Mountains by the north, which makes it the third highest European capital after Andorra la Vella and Madrid. Not far from the mosque is a synagogue, which houses a museum. [78][87] It gradually became the most important Roman city of the region. When the Romanian Army entered Vrazhdebna in 1913, then a village 11 kilometres (7 miles) from Sofia, now a suburb,[113] this prompted the Tsardom of Bulgaria to capitulate. Sofia is relatively close to the capitals of most Balkan countries: Ankara is 1,012 km; Athens is 837 km; Beograd is 374 km; Bucharest is 395 km; Zagreb is 762 km; Ljubljana is 897 km; Sarajevo is 549 km; Skopje is 239 km; Tirana is 553 km. In the coldest days temperatures can drop below 15C (5F), most notably in January. Practical information for tourists in the Covid-19, Practical information for tourists COVID-19, , National Representation for Tourism of the Republic of Bulgaria, St Nikolas Monastery village of Skravena, Information and recommendations about COVID-19, Ministry of Tourism of the Republic of Bulgaria. [24] In 1979, the Boyana Church in Sofia was included onto the World Heritage List, and it was deconstructed in the Second Bulgarian Empire, holding much patrimonial symbolism to the Bulgarian Orthodox Church. [84][85][86] The ancient city is located between TZUM, Sheraton Hotel and the Presidency. However, the end of the old administration and centrally planned system also paved the way for chaotic and unrestrained construction, which continues today. [79], In 339 BC Philip II of Macedon destroyed and ravaged the town for the first time. - . In addition, Sofia hosted EuroBasket 1957 and the 1961 and 1977 Summer Universiades, as well as the 1983 and 1989 winter editions. Sofia is one of the most visited tourist destinations in Bulgaria alongside coastal and mountain resorts. In summer, the city generally remains slightly cooler than other parts of Bulgaria, due to its higher altitude. In 1867 was inaugurated the first chitalishte in Sofia a Bulgarian cultural institution. [139] Corruption in Bulgaria also affects Sofia's authorities. [72] In response to hazardous spikes in air pollution, the Municipal Council implemented a variety of measures in January 2018, like more frequent washing of streets. [138] Many of the most severe crimes are contract killings that are connected to organised crime, but these had dropped in recent years after several arrests of gang members. New residential areas were built in the outskirts of the city, like Druzhba, Mladost and Lyulin. The Ottomans came to favour the name Sofya (). One year later, in 1880, it was the fifth-largest city in the country after Plovdiv, Varna, Ruse and Shumen. Accurately classifying incarcerated individuals and placing them in institutions consistent with their security classification is a means of protecting the public, ensuring staff and incarcerated individual safety, and achieving the ODRC's rehabilitative goals. Theatre is by far the most popular form of performing art, and theatrical venues are among the most visited, second only to cinemas. There is a multitude of discotheques, restaurants, bars, piano bars, folk clubs, taverns, soda fountains, fast food outlets and many other kinds of entertainment. The neolithic village in Slatina dating to the 5th6th millennium BC is documented. [96] In the second half of 10th century the city was ruled by Komit Nikola and his sons, known as the "Komitopuli". Some of Bulgaria's most famous operatic singers, such as Nicolai Ghiaurov and Ghena Dimitrova, made their first appearances on the stage of the National Opera and Ballet. Masterpieces of Bulgarian painting are on display at The National Art Gallery, located in what was formerly the Bulgarian Royal Palace. [22], Sofia has been named one of the top ten best places for start-up businesses in the world, especially in information technologies. [168] The total nominal GDP in 2018 was 38.5billion leva ($22.4billion), or 33,437 leva ($19,454) per capita,[169][170] and average monthly wages in March 2020 were $1,071, the highest nationally. [171] Services dominate the economy, accounting for 88.6% of the gross value added, followed by industry 11.3% and agriculture 0.1%.[169][172]. The Federal Bureau of Prisons compiled a list of all medium-security prisons. Inmate Behavior Management: The Key to a Safe and Secure Jail Issues in Jail Operations, 2003: Perspectives from State Jail Inspection Agencies Jails Division Objective Jail Classification Systems: A Guide for Jail Administrators Resource Guide for Jail Administrators Women in Jail: Classification Issues Avian Remains from an Early Neolithic Settlement of Slatina (Present Sofia City, Bulgaria). It is a favorite place for a days outing for young and old alike. [205][206] The American College of Sofia, a private secondary school with roots in a school founded by American missionaries in 1860, is among the oldest American educational institutions outside of the United States. The transformations of Bulgaria into the People's Republic of Bulgaria in 1946 and into the Republic of Bulgaria in 1990 marked significant changes in the city's appearance. Multinationals with major research, development, innovation and engineering centers in Sofia include the second largest global IT center of Coca-Cola,[175] Ubisoft,[176] Hewlett-Packard,[177] VMware,[178] Robert Bosch GmbH,[179] Financial Times,[180] Experian, etc. The Iskar River in its upper course flows near eastern Sofia. The city houses many cultural institutes such as the Russian Cultural Institute, the Polish Cultural Institute, the Hungarian Institute, the Czech and the Slovak Cultural Institutes, the Italian Cultural Institute, Confucius Institute, Institut Franais, Goethe Institut, British Council and Instituto Cervantes which regularly organise temporary expositions of visual, sound and literary works by artists from their respective countries. In 1530 Sofia became the capital of the Ottoman province (beylerbeylik) of Rumelia for about three centuries. These include Tsarigradsko shose, Cherni Vrah, Bulgaria, Slivnitsa and Todor Aleksandrov boulevards, as well as the city's ring road. Other names given to Sofia, such as Serdonpolis ( , "City of the Serdi" in Greek) and Triaditza (, "Trinity" in Greek), were mentioned by Byzantine Greek sources or coins. The Boyana Church, a UNESCO World Heritage site, contains realistic frescoes, depicting more than 240 human images and a total 89 scenes, were painted. From 1018-1094, Sredets was under Byzantine rule, but remained an important strategic, economic, and cultural center. [164] In 2015, Sofia was ranked 30th out of 300 global cities in terms of combined growth in employment and real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, the highest one amongst cities in Southeast Europe. Sofia was selected as the capital of the Third Bulgarian State in the next year, ushering a period of intense demographic and economic growth. [216][217] All five of Bulgaria's supercomputers and supercomputing clusters are located in Sofia as well. On the lower slopes of Mount Vitosha, in the Boyana District, is located the National Museum of History, with its collection from prehistoric times to the present day. Three freeways begin in Sofia: Trakia, Lyulin, and Hemus. It is thought that the church was built in the 6th century, during the reign of Constantine the Great. Adjacent to this church is the Theological Seminary, which houses The National Historical and Archeological Museum. Regular performances began in 1909. The median age is 38 though. While walking in the area, visitors will also see the Banya Bashi Mosque, built in the 16th century. In the 15th and 16th century, Sofia was expanded by Ottoman building activity. The Bulgarian patron saint John of Rila was buried in Sredets by orders of Emperor Peter I in the mid 10th century. This church was built in 1912, and was designed by the Russian architect Alexander Pomerantsev. We provide training on key elements in jail administration, jail resource management, and building a productive relationship between jail officials and their funding authority. [196] As of 2012[update], the system has 39km (24mi) of track. [207], A number of secondary language schools provide education in a selected foreign language. ", "Bulgarian Crime Where killing is a habit", "BBC NEWS Europe Romania and Bulgaria join the EU", Crime Rates in Bulgaria's Sofia on the Rise, " 10 000 , 7000 ", "UPDATE: Stallone Returning to NU BOYANA Film Studios in Bulgaria for 'Rambo 5', "Journey.bg History of the Sofia velodrome", "Swimming pools in Sofia (including Spa centers)", "Population | National statistical institute", " ", "Population and Demographic Processes in 2014 (Final data) National statistical institute", "Sofia ranks 30th in GDP/capita, employment growth 20132014 global report", "Global Metro Monitor An Uncertain recovery", "10 Top Cities Around The World To Launch Your Startup", "Regional gross domestic product (PPS per inhabitant at current market prices), by NUTS 3 regions", "Average monthly wages and salaries of the employees under labour contract by statistical regions and districts", "Coca-Cola Opens Its 2nd Largest Globally IT Center in Sofia", "VMware to invest 23M and Grow the Site in Sofia to over 1500 People", "Bosch Group Officially Opened its New Office in Sofia", "Financial Times Expands Its Team in Sofia", "The Software Company Experian Opened its New Office Building in Sofia", "American Control System Solutions Manufacturer Woodward Opens Production in Sofia", "Festo to Invest 25.6 mln. Sofia preserves many valuable monuments to its long and storied past. [99] Several of the city's governors were members of the Bulgarian imperial family and held the title of sebastokrator, the second highest at the time, after the tsar. There are separate reception centers for females, male youth, and adult males. Sofia also connects The Near East and The Middle East, lying between the banks of the Danube and the shores of the White Sea on the one hand, and between the Black Sea and the Adriatic on the other. During that time Sofia was the largest import-export-base in modern-day Bulgaria for the caravan trade with the Republic of Ragusa. [122] Districts and settlements have their own governor who is elected in a popular election. Long and storied past was formerly the Bulgarian patron Saint John of Rila was buried in Sredets by of! Lozen, Germanski, Kremikovski, Cherepishki, and adult males Nedelya Petkova the. 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